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is used on the other hand I the Author shall give the term of Contempt
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the above URL is the "hacker" form make up for a fortran x and y from
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following is term of Contempt in which the "hacker" work in - An act
of deliberate disobedience ordisregard for the laws, regulations, or
decorum of a public authority, such as a court or legislative body.
Individuals may be cited for contempt when they disobey an order, fail
to comply with a request,tamper with documents, withhold evidence,
interrupt proceedings through their actions or words, or otherwise
defy a public authority or hold it up to ridicule and disrespect.The
laws and rules governing contempt have developed in a piecemeal
fashion over time and give wide discretion to judges and legislative
leaders in determining both what constitutes contempt andhow it is
punished.
Contempt of Court
Contempt of court is behavior that opposes or defies the authority,
justice, and dignity of the court. Contempt charges may be brought
against parties to proceedings; lawyers or other court officers or
personnel; jurors; witnesses; or people who insert themselves in a
case, such as protesters outside a courtroom. Courts have great leeway
in making contempt charges,and thus confusion sometimes exists about
the distinctions between types of contempt. Generally, however,
contempt proceedings are categorized as civilor criminal, and direct
or indirect.
Civil contempt generally involves the failure to perform an act that
isordered by a court as a means to enforce the rights of individuals
or to secure remedies for parties in a civil action. For instance,
parents who refuse to pay court-ordered Child Support may be held in
contempt of court under civil contempt. Criminal contempt involves
behavior that assaults the dignity of the court or impairs the ability
of the court to conduct its work. Criminal contempt can occur within a
civil or criminal case. For example, criminal contempt occurs when a
witness or spectator shoutsor insults the judge during a trial. Acivil
contempt usually is a violation of the rights of one person, whereas a
criminal contempt is an offense against society. Courts usecivil
contempt as a coercive power, wielding it only to ask that the
contemnor comply with the courts' actions. Criminal contempt is
punitive; courts use it to punish parties who have impaired the
courts' functioning or bruised their dignity.
A direct contempt is an act that occurs in the presence of the court
and is intended to embarrass or engender disrespect for the court.
Shouting in the courtroom or refusing to answer questions for a judge
or attorney under oath is a direct contempt. Indirect contempt occurs
outside the presence of the court, but its intention is also to
belittle, mock, obstruct, interrupt, or degrade the court and its
proceedings. Attempting to bribe a district attorney is an example of
an indirect contempt. Publishing anymaterial that results in a
contempt charge is an indirect contempt. Other kinds of indirect
contempt include preventing process service, improperly communicating
to or by jurors, and withholding evidence. One man was threatened with
contempt charges because he had filed more than 350 lawsuits that the
judge considered frivolous. Indirect contempt also may be called
constructive or consequentialcontempt; all three terms mean the same
thing.
The essence of contempt of court isthat the misconduct impairs the
fairand efficient administration of justice. Contempt statutes
generally require that the actions present a Clear and Present Danger
that threatens the administration ofjustice.
The manner in which an act is committed or the tone in which words are
spoken can determine whether contempt has occurred. Circumstances,
such as the contextin which the words were spoken, thetone, the facial
expression, the manner, and the emphasis, are also evaluated by the
court. Failure to complete an act that, if completed, would tend to
bring the court into disrespect does not preclude the act from being
contemptuous.
Criticisms of the Contempt-of-Court Power
The discretion permitted to judges in determining what is contempt
andhow to punish it has led some legal scholars to argue that the
contemptpower gives too much authority to judges. Earl C. Dudley,
University of Virginia law professor, wrote that in the contempt
power, "the roles of victim, prosecutor and judge are dangerously
commingled."
Much of the criticism focuses on the lack of restraint or due process
in determining punishments for contempt.
--
President of The United States
Guy Ralph Perea Sr President of The United States
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