Wednesday, March 27, 2013

The Sky This Week, 2013 March 26 - April 2

The bright Full Moon begins the week amid the rising stars of the
springtime constellations, then edges her way southward along the
ecliptic to grace the morning sky assummer's star patterns gather in
the east before sunrise. Last Quarter occurs on April 3rd at 12:37 am
Eastern Daylight Time. Look for the Moon just to the west of the
bright star Spica on the evening of the 27th. As the night transitions
to early morning Luna slowly approaches the star, closing to within
three degrees by dawn on the 28th. The Moon next draws a bead on
Saturn, rising just west of the ringed planet during the late evening
of the 28th and just east on the following night. If you're up before
dawn on the 31st, the Moon passes through the stars that form the
"head" of Scorpius, the Scorpion, which should be a very attractive
sight in binoculars.
The early spring sky bids farewell toone familiar constellation and
welcomes another. The first is the mainstay of the winter sky, Orion,
the Hunter. You'll find him in the southwest once twilight has given
way to darkness, and by midnight heslips below the horizon. In his
wake are several other bright wintertime stars, most notably the
brightest star in the night, Sirius. Normally a dazzling blue-white
color, the Earth's atmosphere causes this starto flicker through all
the colors of the rainbow as it follows Orion's lead. This effect is
particularly noticeable on those clear nights that follow the passage
of a spring storm when the air is often very turbulent. The closer
Sirius gets to the horizon the more dramatic its fluctuations become.
While Orion and his cohorts settle in the west, look to the northeast
for the familiar outline of the Big Dipper as its seven stars rise to
prominence in the later evening hours. The brightest stars in the Big
Dipper areonly as bright as those in Orion's belt, but the pattern
that they create, which resembles a large soup ladle, is one of the
first asterisms that most of us learn when we embark on getting to
knowthe night sky. The Dipper forms roughly half of the larger
constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear, and in another month it
will be nearly overhead for viewers in north temperate latitudes. And
just as Orion is followed by the bright glimmer of Sirius, if you
follow the "arc" of the Big Dipper's handle to the south and east
you'll run into rose-tinted Arcturus, the brightest star in the
northern sky. I have always welcomed this cheery star's appearance in
the evening sky as a sure harbinger of spring.
This is probably the last week that skywatchers in urban and suburban
locations will be able to catch a view of Comet C/2011 L4
(Pan-STARRS). I have been able to follow it in binoculars as it has
drifted to the north from its initial westerly bearing two weeks ago.
It has faded to between second and third magnitude which will make it
difficult to pick out under heavily light-polluted skies, but if you
havea good view to the northwest and nostreetlights in the area you
should be able to pick it out with binoculars. Observers in darker
locations should be able to catch a few fleeting glimpses of it with
the naked eye. Try looking for it at around 8:30 pm, when it will be
justunder 10 degrees above the horizonas the week opens. It will gain
a few degrees of altitude by week's end, but it will be fading as it
goes.
The bright glow of Jupiter pops intoview high in the western sky
shortlyafter sunset, and by the end of evening twilight Old Jove is
halfwayto the horizon. Observing the giant planet is now getting to be
a bit more challenging than it was a few months ago when he was on the
meridian at midnight. His apparent disc is now just 75 percent of its
opposition diameter, and as he heels over to the west his light has to
pass through more of our atmosphere to reach our telescopes. The same
turbulence that turns Sirius into a 1960's lightshow smears out fine
detail on Jupiter's surface and causes rainbow-like fringes of color
around the edges of his disc. Fortunately, his four bright moons
remain easily visible, so you can continue to enjoytheir nightly
antics around their hulking master.
Turbulence may also hinder the earlyview of Saturn, which now rises in
the southeast just before 10:00 pm. Fortunately the longer you wait to
look at him the higher he climbs, and usually by the early morning
hours the air settles down to provide a crisp view of this cold and
remote world.

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